What Does the +1 Mean on Goalie Leg Pads? A Comprehensive Guide to Understanding Goaltender Equipment

The world of ice hockey is full of unique terminologies and jargon that can sometimes be confusing for those who are new to the sport. One such term is the “+” sign that is often seen on goalie leg pads. But what does the “+” sign mean on goalie leg pads? In this comprehensive guide, we will delve into the world of goalie equipment and uncover the meaning behind the “+1” on goalie leg pads. Whether you’re a seasoned player or a newcomer to the sport, this guide will provide you with a deeper understanding of the gear that goalies use to protect themselves on the ice. So, let’s lace up our skates and hit the ice to explore the fascinating world of goalie equipment!

The Basics of Goalie Leg Pads

An Overview of Goaltender Equipment

Goaltender equipment refers to the gear that a goaltender wears to protect themselves while playing ice hockey. The equipment is designed to protect the goaltender from the high-speed puck and the opposing players’ bodies. Goaltender equipment includes a variety of pieces, such as the helmet, gloves, pads, and skates. Each piece of equipment serves a specific purpose and is designed to enhance the goaltender’s performance on the ice.

One of the most critical pieces of goaltender equipment is the leg pads. Leg pads are designed to protect the goaltender’s legs from pucks, slap shots, and body checks. The leg pads are typically made of foam or plastic and are attached to the goaltender’s pants with straps.

Leg pads come in different sizes and styles, with each style offering different levels of protection and mobility. Some leg pads are designed to be more protective, while others are designed to allow for greater mobility and flexibility. The choice of leg pad style depends on the goaltender’s playing style and the level of competition they are facing.

In addition to the leg pads, goaltenders also wear other protective gear such as thigh pads, knee pads, and shin pads. These pads are designed to protect the goaltender’s lower body from pucks and body checks.

Overall, goaltender equipment is crucial to the goaltender’s performance on the ice. The right equipment can help enhance the goaltender’s mobility, reaction time, and protection, while the wrong equipment can hinder their performance and put them at risk of injury.

The Importance of Leg Pads in Goaltending

In the world of ice hockey, the goaltender is the last line of defense. The role of the goaltender is to protect the net and prevent the opposing team from scoring. As such, having the right equipment is crucial to a goaltender’s success. One essential piece of equipment for a goaltender is their leg pads.

Leg pads are an essential part of a goaltender’s equipment because they provide protection to the goaltender’s legs and hips. These pads are designed to absorb and disperse impact from shots and collisions, which can happen during gameplay. Additionally, leg pads also help the goaltender to maintain their balance and stability while in the crease.

Another important aspect of leg pads is their ability to provide mobility to the goaltender. The pads are designed to allow the goaltender to move quickly and efficiently in any direction, which is essential when trying to make a save. Furthermore, leg pads also provide support and stability when the goaltender is in a butterfly position, which is a crucial position when making a save.

Furthermore, leg pads are also designed to be lightweight, which allows the goaltender to move quickly and easily. This is especially important in today’s game, where speed and agility are essential skills for a goaltender to possess. Additionally, leg pads are also designed to be durable, which means they can withstand the rigors of gameplay and last for an extended period.

In conclusion, leg pads are an essential part of a goaltender’s equipment. They provide protection to the goaltender’s legs and hips, allow for mobility and stability, and are designed to be lightweight and durable. Understanding the importance of leg pads in goaltending is crucial for any goaltender looking to improve their game and achieve success on the ice.

Understanding the +1 Designation on Goalie Leg Pads

The History of the +1 Designation

The +1 designation on goalie leg pads refers to the extra layer of foam or material that is added to the knee area of the pad. This additional layer provides extra protection and support for the goaltender’s knee, which is crucial in preventing injuries.

The history of the +1 designation can be traced back to the early days of ice hockey. Goaltenders were known to use extra layers of clothing or padding to protect themselves from pucks and sticks. However, these layers were not specifically designed for the knee area, and as a result, goaltenders often suffered from knee injuries.

In the 1970s, a Canadian company called CCM (Canadian Cutting and Manufacturing) introduced the first goalie leg pads with a +1 designation. These pads featured an extra layer of foam or material that was specifically designed to provide extra protection and support to the goaltender’s knee. The +1 designation quickly became popular among goaltenders, and it has remained a staple of goalie leg pads ever since.

Today, the +1 designation is standard on most goalie leg pads, and it is widely recognized as an important feature for providing extra protection and support to the goaltender’s knee.

The Significance of the +1 Designation

The +1 designation on goalie leg pads refers to the additional layer of foam or padding that is added to the inner side of the leg pads. This additional layer of foam or padding is placed in a specific location to provide extra protection to the goalie’s thigh and groin area.

The significance of the +1 designation lies in the fact that it allows goalies to take a more aggressive stance while playing without fear of injuring their thighs or groin area. The additional layer of foam or padding helps to absorb impact and reduce the risk of injury during collisions or when the goalie is pushed or shoved into the boards.

Additionally, the +1 designation on goalie leg pads is important for goalies who tend to slide on their knees as it provides extra protection to the inside of the knee. This additional layer of foam or padding can help prevent scrapes and bruises that can occur when sliding on the ice.

In summary, the +1 designation on goalie leg pads is significant because it provides extra protection to the thigh, groin, and knee areas of the goalie, allowing them to play more aggressively without fear of injury.

How the +1 Designation Affects Goaltender Performance

The +1 designation on goalie leg pads refers to the extra layer of foam or padding that is added to the knee area of the pads. This extra layer of padding provides additional protection to the goaltender’s knees, which are crucial in preventing goals. The +1 designation can have a significant impact on the goaltender’s performance, as it affects their ability to move and react quickly in the crease.

Impact on Movement and Reactivity

The +1 designation can affect the goaltender’s movement and reactivity in several ways. Firstly, the extra layer of padding can make it more difficult for the goaltender to move their legs quickly and efficiently. This can be particularly challenging when the goaltender needs to change direction rapidly or make sudden movements to stop a shot.

Secondly, the extra padding can also affect the goaltender’s ability to react quickly to incoming shots. Goaltenders need to be able to react quickly to the movement of the puck and the positioning of the attacking players. The +1 designation can make it more difficult for the goaltender to react quickly, as it can slow down their movements and make them less agile in the crease.

Impact on Knee Protection

Despite the potential drawbacks of the +1 designation, it is primarily designed to provide additional protection to the goaltender’s knees. The extra layer of padding can help to absorb the impact of shots and collisions, reducing the risk of injury to the goaltender’s knees. This can be particularly important for younger or less experienced goaltenders who may be more prone to injuries.

In addition to providing extra protection, the +1 designation can also help to improve the goaltender’s confidence and comfort in the crease. Knowing that they have extra padding to protect their knees can help to reduce anxiety and increase their focus on the game.

Balancing Protection and Performance

While the +1 designation can provide additional protection to the goaltender’s knees, it is important to strike a balance between protection and performance. Goaltenders need to be able to move quickly and react to incoming shots in order to be effective in the crease. Adding too much padding or making the pads too bulky can make it more difficult for the goaltender to perform at their best.

Therefore, it is important for goaltenders to choose equipment that provides the right balance of protection and performance. This may involve experimenting with different pad designs and materials to find the optimal balance for their individual needs and playing style.

Different Types of Goalie Leg Pads

Standard Goalie Leg Pads

Standard goalie leg pads are the most commonly used type of leg pads in ice hockey. They are designed to provide maximum protection and support to the goalie’s legs while they are in the crease. These pads are typically made of a combination of foam, plastic, and other materials that are designed to absorb impact and protect the goalie’s legs from injuries.

Standard goalie leg pads typically have a hard outer shell that is made of a durable material such as polypropylene or nylon. This outer shell is designed to be strong and resistant to impact, while also being lightweight enough to allow the goalie to move quickly and easily. The inner layer of the pad is usually made of a softer material such as foam, which helps to absorb impact and provide additional cushioning for the goalie’s legs.

One of the key features of standard goalie leg pads is the use of the +1 system. The +1 system refers to the additional padding that is built into the knee area of the pad. This extra padding provides additional protection to the goalie’s knees, which are particularly vulnerable to injury due to the constant movement and impact that occurs during a game.

The +1 system is designed to help prevent knee injuries such as ACL tears, which are common in ice hockey. By providing additional padding and support to the knee area, the +1 system helps to absorb impact and reduce the risk of injury.

Another important feature of standard goalie leg pads is the use of adjustable straps and buckles. These straps and buckles allow the goalie to adjust the fit of the pad to their specific body shape and size. This ensures that the pad fits securely and provides maximum protection and support to the goalie’s legs.

Overall, standard goalie leg pads are an essential piece of equipment for any ice hockey goalie. They provide maximum protection and support to the legs, while also incorporating the +1 system to protect the knees. With their adjustable straps and buckles, these pads can be customized to fit each individual goalie’s body shape and size, ensuring maximum performance and protection on the ice.

Custom Goalie Leg Pads

Custom goalie leg pads are designed to fit the unique needs and preferences of individual goaltenders. These pads are typically made by professional craftsmen who specialize in creating high-quality goalie equipment. The customization process often involves consultation with the goaltender to determine their specific requirements and preferences.

One of the key benefits of custom goalie leg pads is that they can be tailored to fit the goaltender’s body shape and playing style. This can lead to improved mobility, stability, and control on the ice. Additionally, custom pads can be made with specific materials and features to address any unique needs or concerns that the goaltender may have.

Another advantage of custom goalie leg pads is that they can be designed to match the goaltender’s team colors or personal style. This can be especially important for goaltenders who want to stand out on the ice and make a statement.

However, it is important to note that custom goalie leg pads can be more expensive than off-the-shelf pads. Additionally, they may require more maintenance and care to keep them in good condition. Nonetheless, for serious goaltenders who want the best possible equipment, custom pads can be a worthwhile investment.

Specialized Goalie Leg Pads for Specific Goaltending Styles

When it comes to goaltender equipment, the leg pads are one of the most critical pieces. The right leg pads can provide stability, flexibility, and protection for the goaltender. While most leg pads are designed to fit a wide range of goaltending styles, some players may require specialized leg pads to suit their unique playing style.

In this section, we will explore the different types of specialized goalie leg pads available and how they can benefit specific goaltending styles.

Butterfly Style Leg Pads

Butterfly style leg pads are designed for goaltenders who use a butterfly style, which involves dropping to the ice and covering the five-hole in front of the goaltender’s body. These leg pads are typically longer and more flexible than other styles, allowing the goaltender to move quickly and efficiently on the ice. They also provide extra protection for the goaltender’s thighs and hips.

Stand-Up Style Leg Pads

Stand-up style leg pads are designed for goaltenders who use a stand-up style, which involves staying on their feet and using their legs to block shots. These leg pads are typically shorter and more rigid than butterfly style leg pads, providing more support and protection for the goaltender’s lower body. They also feature a higher rise to protect the goaltender’s thighs and hips.

Hybrid Style Leg Pads

Hybrid style leg pads are designed for goaltenders who use a combination of butterfly and stand-up styles. These leg pads are typically a compromise between the two styles, providing the flexibility and mobility of butterfly style leg pads with the support and protection of stand-up style leg pads.

When choosing specialized goalie leg pads, it’s essential to consider the goaltender’s playing style and positioning on the ice. For example, a goaltender who uses a butterfly style exclusively may benefit from longer and more flexible leg pads, while a goaltender who uses a stand-up style may benefit from shorter and more rigid leg pads.

It’s also important to consider the goaltender’s size and body type when choosing specialized leg pads. For example, a larger goaltender may require longer leg pads to provide extra protection, while a smaller goaltender may benefit from shorter leg pads that allow for more mobility and flexibility.

In conclusion, specialized goalie leg pads can provide a significant advantage for goaltenders who use specific goaltending styles. By choosing the right leg pads for their playing style and body type, goaltenders can improve their performance on the ice and reduce the risk of injury.

Choosing the Right Goalie Leg Pads

Factors to Consider When Selecting Goalie Leg Pads

When selecting goalie leg pads, there are several factors to consider. The right leg pads can greatly impact a goalie’s performance and comfort on the ice. Here are some key factors to keep in mind when choosing goalie leg pads:

1. Size and Fit: The leg pads should fit snugly and comfortably on the goalie’s legs without being too tight or too loose. A proper fit is essential for mobility and stability. The pads should also be the appropriate size for the goalie’s height and weight.
2. Position: The position of the goalie plays a significant role in determining the appropriate type of leg pads. For instance, a butterfly goalie may require different leg pads than a stand-up goalie. The goalie’s playing style and position-specific needs should be considered when selecting leg pads.
3. Level of Play: The level of play can also influence the type of leg pads needed. Goalies playing at a higher level of competition may require more protective and durable leg pads compared to those playing at a lower level.
4. Protection and Durability: The leg pads should provide adequate protection against pucks, slashes, and other impacts. The material and construction of the pads should be considered for their durability and ability to withstand wear and tear.
5. Comfort and Mobility: The leg pads should be comfortable to wear for extended periods of time, allowing for good mobility and flexibility. A goalie’s performance can be significantly impacted by leg pads that are uncomfortable or restrictive.
6. Price and Budget: The cost of the leg pads should also be taken into consideration. While higher-end leg pads may offer superior protection and performance, they may also come with a higher price tag. Goalies should carefully consider their budget when selecting leg pads.
7. Brand and Reputation: The reputation of the brand and the quality of the leg pads should also be considered. Goalies may prefer certain brands due to their reputation for producing high-quality, reliable equipment.

By considering these factors, goalies can select the right leg pads that best suit their needs and help them perform at their best on the ice.

How to Measure for the Perfect Fit

Proper measurement is crucial when selecting goalie leg pads, as an ill-fitting pair can hinder performance and cause discomfort. Follow these steps to ensure the perfect fit:

1. Start by measuring your inseam:
   • Stand against a wall and place a tape measure at the bottom of your feet, ensuring they are touching the wall.
   • Measure the distance from the bottom of your feet to your groin, rounding up to the nearest whole number. This is your inseam measurement.
2. Choose a pant size based on your inseam:
   • Different brands may have different size charts, so consult the manufacturer’s guide for specific pant sizes based on inseam measurements.
   • As a general guideline, a larger inseam will require a larger pant size, while a smaller inseam will require a smaller pant size.
3. Consider your body type and playing style:
   • Goalies with broader hips may prefer a looser fit around the hips, while those with thinner builds may opt for a snugger fit.
   • Players who like to move around in the crease may benefit from a more flexible material, while those who stay low in their stance may prefer a sturdier construction.
4. Don’t forget about the +1 rule:
   • The +1 rule refers to adding one size to your usual pant size when selecting goalie leg pads. This allows for a more comfortable and secure fit.
   • Keep in mind that the +1 rule is a general guideline and may not apply to all brands or styles. Always refer to the manufacturer’s size chart for accurate measurements.
5. Try them on before making a final decision:
   • Once you’ve selected a pair of goalie leg pads that fit your measurements and preferences, try them on for a proper fit assessment.
   • Ensure the pads are comfortable and provide the necessary support and mobility for your playing style.

By following these steps, you can ensure that your goalie leg pads fit you perfectly, providing the support and comfort needed to perform at your best on the ice.

Tips for Trying On and Breaking In New Leg Pads

Selecting the appropriate leg pads is crucial for a goalie’s performance on the ice. To ensure the best possible fit, it is essential to try on and break in new leg pads before using them in a game. Here are some tips to help you get the most out of your new goalie leg pads:

Finding the Right Size

The first step in trying on new leg pads is to ensure that they are the right size. Leg pads should fit snugly without being too tight or too loose. A good rule of thumb is to have a thumb’s width of space between the pad and the knee when the pads are secured.

Lacing and Tightening

The lacing system of the leg pads is essential for achieving a secure and comfortable fit. Experiment with different lacing techniques to find the one that works best for you. Some goalies prefer a tighter fit around the calf and ankle, while others prefer a looser fit. It is important to tighten the laces securely, but not so tight that they cause discomfort or impede circulation.

Breaking In Period

New leg pads may feel stiff or uncomfortable at first, but they will eventually break in with use. It is important to give the pads time to adapt to your playing style and body shape. This may take several games or practices, depending on the individual. During the breaking-in period, it is recommended to wear protective gear under the pads to prevent irritation or blisters.

On-Ice Adjustments

While breaking in new leg pads, it may be necessary to make adjustments on the ice. This could include tightening or loosening the laces, adjusting the position of the pads, or switching to a different style of pad altogether. Pay attention to how your legs feel during play and make adjustments as needed to ensure the best possible performance.

By following these tips, you can ensure that your new goalie leg pads provide the support and protection you need on the ice. Remember to take the time to try on and break in your pads before using them in a game to ensure the best possible fit and performance.

Caring for Your Goalie Leg Pads

Proper Storage and Maintenance Techniques

Proper care and maintenance of your goalie leg pads is crucial to ensure their longevity and performance. Here are some tips for proper storage and maintenance techniques:

• Drying: After each use, make sure to clean and dry your leg pads thoroughly. Leaving them damp or wet can lead to the growth of bacteria and cause odors to develop. Use a soft cloth or sponge to wipe away any excess moisture, and then let them air dry completely before storing them.
• Storing: When it comes to storing your leg pads, it’s important to keep them in a safe and secure place. Avoid stacking them on top of each other, as this can cause creases and damage to the padding. Instead, hang them up or lay them flat in a cool, dry place with good ventilation. You can also use a leg pad bag or storage container to protect them from dust and dirt.
• Checking for wear and tear: Regularly inspect your leg pads for any signs of wear and tear, such as cracks, tears, or missing padding. If you notice any damage, it’s important to replace them as soon as possible to ensure your safety on the ice.
• Replacing when necessary: As mentioned earlier, it’s important to replace your leg pads every few months or when they show signs of wear and tear. This will help ensure that they continue to provide the necessary protection and support for your knees and legs.

By following these proper storage and maintenance techniques, you can extend the life of your goalie leg pads and keep them in top condition for optimal performance on the ice.

Repairing and Replacing Components

When it comes to maintaining your goalie leg pads, repairing and replacing components is an essential part of keeping them in top condition. Here are some tips on how to do it properly:

• Inspect your leg pads regularly: Before you start repairing or replacing any components, it’s important to inspect your leg pads regularly. Look for any signs of wear and tear, such as tears, cracks, or loose stitching. If you notice any issues, address them as soon as possible to prevent further damage.
• Repair minor damage: If you notice any minor damage, such as a small tear or a loose stitch, you can often repair it yourself using a hockey skate repair kit. These kits typically include everything you need to fix minor damage, including thread, needles, and adhesive.
• Replace broken parts: If a component is broken, you’ll need to replace it. This may involve removing the entire component and replacing it with a new one, or simply replacing the broken part. In either case, make sure to follow the manufacturer’s instructions carefully to ensure a proper fit and function.
• Keep spare parts on hand: To save time and hassle, it’s a good idea to keep spare parts on hand. This way, if you notice any damage or wear and tear, you can replace the damaged component immediately, rather than having to wait for a new one to arrive.
• Work with a professional: If you’re not comfortable repairing or replacing components yourself, or if the damage is too extensive, it’s best to work with a professional. A professional can assess the damage and recommend the best course of action, whether that’s repairing the damage or replacing the entire component.

Maintaining the +1 Designation

Maintaining the +1 designation on your goalie leg pads is crucial to ensure they continue to provide optimal protection and performance. Here are some tips to help you maintain the +1 designation:

• Inspect your leg pads regularly: Check your leg pads for any signs of wear and tear, such as cracks, fraying, or missing foam. If you notice any damage, replace your leg pads immediately to ensure they maintain their +1 designation.
• Properly store your leg pads: When not in use, store your leg pads in a cool, dry place away from direct sunlight. This will help prevent damage to the foam and maintain the +1 designation.
• Properly lace up your leg pads: Make sure you lace up your leg pads tightly and evenly to ensure they fit properly and provide the necessary protection.
• Follow the manufacturer’s instructions: Follow the manufacturer’s instructions for cleaning and maintaining your leg pads. This will help prevent damage and maintain the +1 designation.

By following these tips, you can help ensure that your goalie leg pads maintain their +1 designation and continue to provide the necessary protection and performance on the ice.

Recap of Key Points

Proper care and maintenance of your goalie leg pads is crucial to ensure they provide optimal protection and performance. Here’s a recap of the key points to keep in mind:

• Clean your leg pads regularly: Dirt and debris can accumulate on your leg pads during gameplay, so it’s important to clean them regularly to prevent the buildup of bacteria and unpleasant odors. Use a soft brush or cloth to gently remove any dirt or debris, and wash them with warm water and mild soap.
• Inspect your leg pads for wear and tear: Regularly inspect your leg pads for any signs of wear and tear, such as tears, holes, or fraying. If you notice any damage, it’s important to replace your leg pads immediately to ensure they continue to provide adequate protection.
• Store your leg pads properly: When not in use, store your leg pads in a cool, dry place, away from direct sunlight. You can also consider investing in a protective cover to help keep them clean and free from dust and dirt.
• Break in your leg pads: It’s important to break in your new leg pads before using them in a game. This will help them fit more comfortably and provide better protection. To break in your leg pads, wear them for short periods of time and gradually increase the duration as needed.

By following these key points, you can ensure that your goalie leg pads remain in good condition and provide the protection you need on the ice.

The Future of Goalie Leg Pad Design and Technology

The future of goalie leg pad design and technology is an exciting topic for many ice hockey players and fans. As the game continues to evolve, so too do the equipment designs that players use. In this section, we will explore some of the latest trends and developments in goalie leg pad design and technology.

Advanced Materials

One of the most significant developments in goalie leg pad design is the use of advanced materials. These materials are designed to provide increased protection, flexibility, and support for the goalie’s legs. Some of the most popular materials used in modern goalie leg pads include:

• Carbon Fiber: This lightweight, high-strength material is used to provide additional support and protection for the legs.
• Kevlar: This material is known for its strength and durability, making it an excellent choice for goalie leg pads.
• Nylon: Nylon is a strong, lightweight material that is often used in conjunction with other materials to provide added support and flexibility.

Customization

Another trend in goalie leg pad design is the ability to customize the pads to fit the individual player’s needs. Many manufacturers now offer custom leg pad options, allowing players to choose the right size, shape, and materials for their specific playing style.

Innovative Designs

In addition to advanced materials and customization options, some manufacturers are also exploring innovative designs for goalie leg pads. For example, some pads feature built-in supports and braces to help prevent knee injuries, while others incorporate unique materials that provide enhanced grip and control on the ice.

The Impact on Performance

The future of goalie leg pad design and technology is likely to have a significant impact on player performance. As players continue to push the limits of their equipment, they will need gear that can keep up with their demands. By using advanced materials, customization options, and innovative designs, manufacturers can help players stay at the top of their game.

Conclusion

In conclusion, the future of goalie leg pad design and technology is an exciting topic for anyone interested in ice hockey equipment. With advancements in materials, customization options, and innovative designs, players can now choose from a wider range of options than ever before. As the game continues to evolve, so too will the equipment that players use, and goalie leg pads are no exception.

FAQs

1. What is the significance of the +1 on goalie leg pads?

The +1 on goalie leg pads refers to the additional layer of foam or padding that is placed on the outer side of the knee. This extra layer of padding provides added protection to the goalie’s knee when they are in a butterfly position, which is a common position for goalies when stopping low shots.

2. Is the +1 mandatory for all goalies?

No, the +1 is not mandatory for all goalies. It is a personal preference and some goalies may choose to use it while others may not. However, most professional and competitive goalies do use the +1 as it provides additional protection and support to their knee.

3. Can the +1 be added to any leg pad?

No, the +1 is specifically designed to fit certain leg pad models. It is important to check the compatibility of the +1 with your leg pad before purchasing it. Some leg pads may have a built-in +1, while others may require an additional +1 to be added.

4. How is the +1 attached to the leg pad?

The +1 is typically attached to the leg pad using Velcro straps or elastic bands. These straps or bands are placed around the leg pad and the +1, securing them together and providing a snug fit around the knee. Some +1s may also have adjustable straps to ensure a customized fit.

5. Can the +1 be adjusted for a better fit?

Yes, the +1 can be adjusted for a better fit. Some +1s may have adjustable straps or elastic bands that can be tightened or loosened to provide a customized fit around the knee. Additionally, some +1s may have different thickness options, allowing the goalie to choose the level of padding that best suits their needs.

6. Is the +1 comfortable to wear?

The comfort of the +1 can vary depending on the individual goalie’s preferences and the fit of the pad. Some goalies may find the +1 to be uncomfortable or restrictive, while others may not notice it at all. It is important to try on the +1 before making a purchase to ensure that it is comfortable and provides the desired level of protection and support.

7. Can the +1 be washed or cleaned?

The care and maintenance of the +1 will depend on the specific material it is made of. Some +1s may be machine washable, while others may require hand washing or spot cleaning. It is important to follow the manufacturer’s instructions for cleaning and caring for the +1 to ensure its longevity and effectiveness.

Goalie Leg Pad Sizing