Ice hockey is a physically demanding sport that requires players to be well-equipped with the right gear to protect themselves from injuries. One essential piece of equipment that is often overlooked is the shoulder pads. Shoulder pads are an essential part of a hockey player’s protective gear, providing vital support and protection to the shoulders, one of the most vulnerable areas of the body. In this comprehensive guide, we will explore the importance of shoulder pads in ice hockey and how they can help prevent injuries. From the materials used to make them to the different types of shoulder pads available, we will cover everything you need to know about this crucial piece of equipment. So, whether you’re a seasoned player or a newbie just starting out, read on to discover why shoulder pads are a must-have for any hockey player.
Understanding the Basics of Shoulder Pads in Hockey
What are shoulder pads in hockey?
Shoulder pads are an essential piece of equipment for ice hockey players. They are designed to protect the shoulders from injuries that can occur during gameplay. The pads are typically made of a hard plastic shell with padding on the inside to absorb impact. They are worn over a hockey jersey and are secured in place with straps that go around the neck and waist.
Shoulder pads in hockey come in different sizes and shapes, depending on the player’s position on the ice. For example, defensemen typically wear larger shoulder pads than forwards, as they need more protection from checks and hits. Additionally, some players prefer shoulder pads with more padding, while others prefer a slimmer design that allows for greater mobility.
In addition to providing protection, shoulder pads also help players maintain their balance and control on the ice. The pads are designed to help players stay upright and prevent them from falling over during gameplay. This is particularly important for players who need to skate quickly and change direction quickly.
Overall, shoulder pads are an essential piece of equipment for ice hockey players. They provide protection from injuries, help maintain balance and control on the ice, and are a requirement for all players in organized leagues.
Why are shoulder pads important in hockey?
Shoulder pads are an essential piece of equipment for ice hockey players. They are designed to protect the shoulders from impacts and collisions that are common in the sport. The following are some reasons why shoulder pads are important in hockey:
- Protection: Shoulder pads provide a crucial layer of protection for the shoulders, which are vulnerable to injuries in ice hockey. They absorb impacts from collisions and falls, reducing the risk of dislocations, fractures, and other injuries.
- Support: Shoulder pads also provide support for the shoulders, helping to maintain proper alignment and prevent injuries caused by poor posture or movements. They help to stabilize the shoulders, allowing players to move freely and perform at their best.
- Comfort: While shoulder pads are primarily designed for protection and support, they also provide comfort for players. They are made from high-quality materials that are soft and flexible, providing a comfortable fit and reducing irritation or chafing.
- Style: Shoulder pads are also an important part of a player’s style and identity. They come in a variety of colors and designs, allowing players to express their personalities and team spirit.
Overall, shoulder pads are a crucial piece of equipment for ice hockey players. They provide protection, support, comfort, and style, helping players to perform at their best and stay safe on the ice.
How do shoulder pads protect players in hockey?
Shoulder pads are a crucial piece of equipment for ice hockey players. They are designed to protect the shoulders from impacts and collisions that are common in the game. The padding is typically made of a hard plastic shell with foam inserts to absorb impact.
One of the main ways that shoulder pads protect players is by preventing injuries to the collarbone and shoulder joint. The collarbone is particularly vulnerable to injury in hockey, as it is exposed and can easily be hit by a puck or another player’s body. Shoulder pads also provide protection against falls and collisions, which can occur frequently in hockey.
In addition to protecting against physical injuries, shoulder pads can also help players maintain their range of motion and mobility on the ice. The padding is designed to allow for a full range of motion, so players can make quick and agile movements without being restricted by their equipment.
Overall, shoulder pads are an essential piece of equipment for ice hockey players, providing protection against injuries and allowing for greater mobility on the ice.
Types of Shoulder Pads in Hockey
Overview of different types of shoulder pads
When it comes to ice hockey, shoulder pads play a crucial role in protecting players from injuries. There are several types of shoulder pads available in the market, each designed to meet the specific needs of different players. In this section, we will provide an overview of the different types of shoulder pads used in ice hockey.
- Traditional Shoulder Pads: These are the most common type of shoulder pads used in ice hockey. They are designed to provide maximum protection to the shoulders and are usually made of foam and hard plastic. Traditional shoulder pads are known for their durability and are a popular choice among players.
- Hybrid Shoulder Pads: These shoulder pads are a combination of traditional and cutaway designs. They provide the protection of traditional shoulder pads while also allowing for greater mobility and range of motion. Hybrid shoulder pads are a popular choice among players who want the best of both worlds.
- Cutaway Shoulder Pads: These shoulder pads are designed to be lightweight and flexible, providing players with greater mobility and range of motion. They are made of a combination of foam and lightweight materials, such as carbon fiber. Cutaway shoulder pads are a popular choice among younger players and those who prefer a more flexible shoulder pad.
- Roller Derby Shoulder Pads: These shoulder pads are designed specifically for women’s ice hockey. They are made of a softer material than traditional shoulder pads and are designed to fit the female body more comfortably. Roller Derby shoulder pads are a popular choice among female players.
It is important to note that the type of shoulder pad a player chooses will depend on their individual needs and playing style. Players should consult with a coach or equipment manager to determine which type of shoulder pad is best for them.
Comparison of popular brands and models
When it comes to choosing the right shoulder pads for ice hockey, there are many options available on the market. Some of the most popular brands and models include:
- Bauer
- CCM
- Easton
- Grip
- Warrior
Each brand and model has its own unique features and benefits, so it’s important to compare them before making a decision.
Bauer
Bauer is a well-known brand in the hockey industry, and their shoulder pads are no exception. Their models typically feature a high level of protection and a comfortable fit, making them a popular choice among players. Some of the standout features of Bauer shoulder pads include:
- Tendon guard for added protection
- Flexible and lightweight design
- Adjustable straps for a customized fit
CCM
CCM is another top brand in the hockey industry, and their shoulder pads are highly regarded by players. CCM shoulder pads are known for their durability and excellent protection, as well as their comfortable fit. Some of the notable features of CCM shoulder pads include:
- Rigid shoulder cap for extra protection
- Adjustable chest and arm pads for a customized fit
- Moisture-wicking material for added comfort
Easton
Easton is a brand that is known for its innovative designs and high-quality equipment, and their shoulder pads are no exception. Easton shoulder pads are designed to provide excellent protection and a comfortable fit, making them a popular choice among players. Some of the standout features of Easton shoulder pads include:
- D30 padding for superior protection
- Lightweight and flexible design
Grip
Grip is a brand that is known for its affordable and high-quality equipment, and their shoulder pads are no exception. Grip shoulder pads are designed to provide excellent protection and a comfortable fit, making them a popular choice among players on a budget. Some of the notable features of Grip shoulder pads include:
- Lightweight and breathable material
- Reinforced stitching for durability
Warrior
Warrior is a brand that is known for its innovative designs and high-quality equipment, and their shoulder pads are no exception. Warrior shoulder pads are designed to provide excellent protection and a comfortable fit, making them a popular choice among players. Some of the standout features of Warrior shoulder pads include:
Ultimately, the best brand and model of shoulder pads for ice hockey will depend on the individual player’s needs and preferences. It’s important to try on different options and consider factors such as protection, fit, and price before making a decision.
Factors to consider when choosing the right shoulder pads
When it comes to choosing the right shoulder pads for ice hockey, there are several factors to consider. The right shoulder pads can not only provide protection but also improve your performance on the ice. Here are some of the most important factors to consider when choosing shoulder pads for ice hockey:
- Comfort: One of the most important factors to consider when choosing shoulder pads is comfort. Shoulder pads that are too tight or too loose can be distracting and may affect your performance on the ice. It’s important to choose shoulder pads that fit comfortably and allow for a full range of motion.
- Protection: Shoulder pads are an essential piece of equipment for ice hockey players as they provide protection to the shoulders from impacts and collisions on the ice. It’s important to choose shoulder pads that offer adequate protection without being too bulky or restrictive.
- Mobility: Another important factor to consider when choosing shoulder pads is mobility. Shoulder pads that are too stiff or restrictive can limit your range of motion and make it difficult to move quickly on the ice. Look for shoulder pads that offer a good balance between protection and mobility.
- Position: Different positions in ice hockey require different levels of protection and mobility. For example, defensemen may require more protection in their shoulder pads, while forwards may prioritize mobility. Consider your position on the ice and choose shoulder pads that are appropriate for your role.
- Brand and Fit: It’s important to choose a brand and fit that you are comfortable with. Different brands and styles of shoulder pads can fit differently, so it’s important to try on several options before making a decision. Consider seeking advice from a professional hockey equipment salesperson or a knowledgeable teammate.
By considering these factors, you can choose the right shoulder pads for your needs and improve your performance on the ice.
Proper Fitting and Adjustment of Shoulder Pads
How to measure for the right size of shoulder pads
Properly fitting shoulder pads are crucial for ensuring comfort and protection on the ice. Here’s a step-by-step guide on how to measure for the right size of shoulder pads:
- Start by measuring the width of your shoulders. To do this, stand with your arms at your sides and measure from one shoulder blade to the other. Make sure the tape measure is level and snug against your body.
- Next, measure the length of your arms from your shoulder to your wrist. This measurement will help determine the length of the shoulder pad’s sleeve.
- Use these measurements to determine your shoulder pad size. Most shoulder pads are available in small, medium, and large sizes, and each size will have a specific range of width and length measurements. Compare your measurements to the size chart provided by the manufacturer to find the appropriate size.
- Keep in mind that shoulder pads should fit snugly but not be too tight. They should also be positioned at the right angle to provide the most protection and support. If the shoulder pads are too loose, they may not provide enough protection, and if they are too tight, they may restrict your movement on the ice.
- Once you have determined the right size of shoulder pads, it’s important to adjust them for a personalized fit. This can be done by adjusting the straps and laces or using pads that can be removed or added for a custom fit. Proper adjustment of the shoulder pads is essential for optimal performance and protection on the ice.
Steps to properly fit and adjust shoulder pads
Properly fitting and adjusting shoulder pads is crucial for optimizing performance and minimizing the risk of injury in ice hockey. The following steps should be taken to ensure that the shoulder pads fit and are adjusted correctly:
- Measure the player’s shoulder width and circumference to determine the appropriate size of the shoulder pads.
- Ensure that the shoulder pads are positioned correctly on the shoulders, with the top of the pad resting on the acromion process of the shoulder blade.
- Adjust the straps of the shoulder pads to ensure a secure fit and prevent the pads from shifting during play.
- Check that the pads are not too loose or too tight, as this can affect mobility and range of motion.
- Ensure that the shoulder pads are aligned with the neck and spine to prevent neck injuries.
- Have the player perform a series of movements, such as raising their arms and rotating their shoulders, to ensure that the pads are not restricting movement.
By following these steps, players can ensure that their shoulder pads fit and are adjusted correctly, providing them with the support and protection they need on the ice.
Common mistakes to avoid when fitting shoulder pads
One of the most crucial aspects of shoulder pads in ice hockey is proper fitting and adjustment. A well-fitting shoulder pad can provide optimal protection and support, while a poorly fitting one can lead to discomfort and even injury. Here are some common mistakes to avoid when fitting shoulder pads:
- Not considering the individual’s body measurements: Each player’s body shape and size is unique, and shoulder pads that do not fit properly can lead to improper protection and movement. It is important to measure the player’s shoulders and chest to ensure the right size of the shoulder pad.
- Overlooking the importance of adjustment straps: Adjustment straps are crucial in ensuring the shoulder pad stays in place and provides the necessary support. Failing to adjust the straps can result in the shoulder pad slipping or riding up the arm, leading to reduced protection and increased risk of injury.
- Not considering the player’s playing style: Different players have different playing styles, and shoulder pads that are not designed for their specific style can lead to discomfort and reduced mobility. It is important to choose a shoulder pad that is suitable for the player’s playing style, whether it be defensive, offensive, or a combination of both.
- Failing to consider the shoulder pad’s components: A good shoulder pad consists of several components, including a chest protector, spine protector, and arm protector. Failing to consider the compatibility of these components can lead to reduced protection and comfort. It is important to ensure that all components are compatible and work together to provide optimal protection.
By avoiding these common mistakes, players can ensure that their shoulder pads fit and adjust properly, providing optimal protection and support on the ice.
Enhancing Performance with Shoulder Pads
How shoulder pads improve player mobility and control
Shoulder pads play a crucial role in enhancing the performance of ice hockey players. One of the key benefits of wearing shoulder pads is that they improve player mobility and control on the ice. Here’s a closer look at how shoulder pads achieve this:
Providing Protection and Support
Shoulder pads provide players with the necessary protection and support to maintain their posture and prevent injuries. By reducing the risk of injuries, players can stay on the ice for longer periods and maintain their performance levels. Additionally, the support provided by shoulder pads allows players to move their arms and shoulders more freely, enhancing their ability to control the puck and maneuver on the ice.
Increasing Range of Motion
Shoulder pads are designed to fit snugly around the shoulders, allowing players to move their arms and shoulders without any restriction. This increased range of motion enables players to make quick movements and changes in direction, which is essential in ice hockey. Players can use their arms and shoulders to control the puck, pass to teammates, and shoot at the goal, all while benefiting from the increased mobility provided by their shoulder pads.
Enhancing Balance and Stability
In addition to improving mobility, shoulder pads also help players maintain their balance and stability on the ice. By providing support to the shoulders, shoulder pads help players stay upright and avoid falling, which can be particularly helpful during fast-paced games. Moreover, the support provided by shoulder pads can help players maintain their positioning and posture, allowing them to make accurate passes and shots.
Overall, the use of shoulder pads in ice hockey has a significant impact on player performance. By providing protection, support, and enhancing mobility, shoulder pads help players perform at their best on the ice.
How shoulder pads provide support during collisions and checks
In ice hockey, collisions and checks are an unavoidable part of the game. They can cause injuries if not handled properly. Shoulder pads play a crucial role in providing support during these events, protecting the shoulders and reducing the risk of injuries. Here’s how:
- Dispersing impact force: Shoulder pads are designed to disperse the impact force that occurs during collisions and checks. They have a layer of foam that cushions the blow, preventing the force from concentrating on a single area and reducing the risk of injuries.
- Protecting the shoulder joint: The shoulder joint is a vulnerable area in ice hockey, and it can be easily injured during collisions and checks. Shoulder pads provide support to the shoulder joint, helping to keep it stable and reducing the risk of dislocations or other injuries.
- Preventing injuries to the clavicle: The clavicle or collarbone is another vulnerable area in ice hockey. A hard check or collision can cause the clavicle to break, which can be a season-ending injury. Shoulder pads provide support to the clavicle, helping to prevent breaks and fractures.
- Protecting the rotator cuff: The rotator cuff is a group of muscles and tendons that stabilize the shoulder joint. It can be easily injured during collisions and checks. Shoulder pads provide support to the rotator cuff, helping to prevent tears and strains.
- Reducing the risk of concussions: Shoulder pads can also help reduce the risk of concussions. During a collision, the head can snap back and forth, causing the brain to slosh around in the skull. This can lead to a concussion. Shoulder pads provide support to the head and neck, helping to prevent the head from snapping back and forth and reducing the risk of concussions.
In conclusion, shoulder pads play a crucial role in providing support during collisions and checks in ice hockey. They help to protect the shoulders, reduce the risk of injuries, and enhance performance on the ice.
How shoulder pads contribute to overall player safety and confidence
Shoulder pads play a crucial role in protecting ice hockey players from injuries. They are designed to absorb impact and reduce the risk of dislocations, fractures, and other injuries to the shoulders. Here are some ways in which shoulder pads contribute to overall player safety and confidence:
- Reducing the risk of dislocations: One of the most common injuries in ice hockey is a dislocated shoulder. Shoulder pads provide stability to the shoulder joint and help prevent dislocations by keeping the ball of the humerus in place.
- Protecting against fractures: Shoulder pads also help protect against fractures, especially in the collarbone (clavicle) and the shoulder blade (scapula). These bones are vulnerable to fractures in ice hockey due to the impact of checks and falls.
- Providing support during falls: Shoulder pads provide support to the shoulders during falls, helping to absorb the impact and reducing the risk of injury. This is especially important for players who are on the ice and may fall frequently.
- Improving confidence: When players feel confident in their equipment, they are more likely to play with confidence and without fear of injury. Shoulder pads can help players feel more secure and less anxious about potential injuries, allowing them to focus on their performance.
Overall, shoulder pads are an essential piece of equipment for ice hockey players. They help protect against injuries, improve performance, and increase confidence on the ice.
The Role of Shoulder Pads in Preventing Injuries
Overview of common injuries in hockey
In ice hockey, injuries are a common occurrence due to the physical nature of the sport. Players are prone to injuries such as sprains, strains, and fractures, especially in the upper body. The shoulders are particularly vulnerable to injury, as they are constantly exposed to impacts from pucks, checks, and falls. In this section, we will provide an overview of the most common injuries in ice hockey and how shoulder pads can help prevent them.
- Dislocations and separations: The shoulder joint is the most commonly dislocated joint in the body, and ice hockey players are at a higher risk due to the frequent falls and collisions. A dislocation occurs when the ball of the humerus (upper arm bone) comes out of the socket, while a separation occurs when the ligaments surrounding the shoulder joint tear. Wearing proper shoulder pads can help protect the joint and prevent dislocations and separations.
- Fractures: Fractures are common in ice hockey, and the clavicle (collarbone) is particularly vulnerable to injury. A fall or a check can cause the clavicle to break, which can be painful and require surgery. Shoulder pads can help absorb the impact and reduce the risk of fractures.
- Sprains and strains: Sprains and strains are common in ice hockey, and they can occur in the shoulder joint or the surrounding muscles and ligaments. A sprain is a tear in a ligament, while a strain is a tear in a muscle. Wearing proper shoulder pads can help support the shoulder joint and prevent sprains and strains.
- Concussions: Concussions are a type of traumatic brain injury that can occur in any contact sport, including ice hockey. A concussion can result from a blow to the head or a violent collision, and it can cause symptoms such as headache, dizziness, and memory loss. While shoulder pads cannot prevent concussions, they can help protect the head and neck from impacts.
Overall, wearing proper shoulder pads is essential for ice hockey players to prevent injuries and stay safe on the ice. In the next section, we will discuss the key features of effective shoulder pads.
How shoulder pads protect against dislocations, fractures, and sprains
Shoulder pads play a crucial role in preventing injuries in ice hockey. They protect the shoulders from dislocations, fractures, and sprains, which are common injuries in this sport. The following are the ways in which shoulder pads protect against these injuries:
Dislocations
A dislocation occurs when the head of the humerus bone pops out of the shoulder socket. This can be a painful and debilitating injury that requires medical attention. Shoulder pads help prevent dislocations by providing a barrier between the humerus and the socket. The padding absorbs the impact of a collision or fall, reducing the force that can cause a dislocation. Additionally, the design of shoulder pads can help keep the humerus in place, making it less likely to dislocate.
Fractures
Fractures are breaks in the bone that can occur in ice hockey due to falls, collisions, or other accidents. Shoulder pads can help prevent fractures by absorbing the impact of a fall or collision and distributing the force evenly across the shoulder. The padding can also help protect the bone from direct impact, reducing the risk of a fracture. Additionally, the design of shoulder pads can help stabilize the shoulder, reducing the risk of fractures.
Sprains
A sprain is a tear or stretching of a ligament in the shoulder. This can be a painful and debilitating injury that requires time to heal. Shoulder pads can help prevent sprains by providing stability to the shoulder. The padding can help keep the shoulder in place, reducing the risk of a sprain. Additionally, the design of shoulder pads can help support the shoulder, reducing the risk of sprains.
In conclusion, shoulder pads play a crucial role in preventing injuries in ice hockey. They protect the shoulders from dislocations, fractures, and sprains, which are common injuries in this sport. The padding absorbs the impact of a collision or fall, reducing the force that can cause an injury. Additionally, the design of shoulder pads can help keep the shoulder in place, making it less likely to dislocate or sprain. Overall, wearing proper shoulder pads is essential for any ice hockey player to avoid serious injuries.
Importance of proper equipment maintenance and replacement
Shoulder pads are a crucial component of ice hockey equipment, providing essential protection to the shoulders and reducing the risk of injuries. However, the effectiveness of shoulder pads depends on their proper maintenance and replacement. Here are some important points to consider:
- Regular Inspection: Regular inspection of shoulder pads is necessary to ensure that they are in good condition and fit properly. Any signs of wear and tear, such as fraying or cracks, should be addressed immediately.
- Proper Fitting: Shoulder pads should fit snugly and comfortably without being too tight or too loose. A proper fitting should allow for full range of motion while providing adequate protection.
- Replacement: Shoulder pads should be replaced when they show signs of significant wear and tear or when they no longer fit properly. The lifespan of shoulder pads varies depending on factors such as frequency of use and level of play, but it is generally recommended to replace them every one to two years.
- Proper Cleaning: Shoulder pads should be cleaned regularly to remove dirt, sweat, and other debris. This helps to maintain their effectiveness and prolong their lifespan.
By following these guidelines, ice hockey players can ensure that their shoulder pads provide the necessary protection and reduce the risk of injuries. Proper equipment maintenance and replacement are essential for optimal performance and safety on the ice.
Recap of the importance of shoulder pads in hockey
In ice hockey, shoulder pads play a crucial role in protecting players from injuries. They provide a barrier between the player’s body and the hard, fast-moving puck, as well as any other players on the ice. Shoulder pads help to absorb impacts and reduce the risk of dislocations, fractures, and other injuries to the shoulders and collarbone.
Furthermore, shoulder pads help to stabilize the shoulders and prevent injuries caused by sudden changes in direction or momentum. They also provide support and help to maintain proper posture, which can help to prevent muscle strains and other injuries.
In addition to physical protection, shoulder pads also help to reduce the risk of psychological trauma. The fear of injury can be a major source of anxiety for hockey players, and the knowledge that they are wearing adequate protection can help to alleviate some of this fear.
Overall, shoulder pads are an essential piece of equipment for ice hockey players, providing protection, support, and peace of mind.
Final thoughts and recommendations for players and parents
When it comes to the role of shoulder pads in preventing injuries in ice hockey, there are a few key recommendations for players and parents to keep in mind. First and foremost, it is important to choose the right size and fit of shoulder pads. Too small or too large pads can hinder mobility and limit the ability to make crucial movements on the ice. It is recommended to consult with a professional or experienced coach to ensure the proper fit.
Another important recommendation is to ensure that the shoulder pads are in good condition and properly maintained. This includes checking for any wear and tear, as well as making sure that the padding is still intact and providing adequate protection. In addition, it is important to replace shoulder pads regularly, as they will eventually lose their effectiveness over time.
In addition to choosing the right size and maintaining good condition, it is also important to consider the type of shoulder pads to use. There are a variety of options available, each with their own unique features and benefits. For example, some shoulder pads may be designed to provide more protection for the collarbone, while others may have a more flexible design for improved mobility. It is important to consider the specific needs and playing style of the player when choosing the right shoulder pads.
Finally, it is important to remember that while shoulder pads can significantly reduce the risk of injury, they are not a guarantee. It is still important to take proper precautions on the ice, such as wearing a mouthguard and following safety guidelines, to minimize the risk of injury.
In conclusion, shoulder pads play a crucial role in preventing injuries in ice hockey. By choosing the right size, maintaining good condition, and considering the type of shoulder pads to use, players and parents can ensure that they have the best possible protection on the ice. However, it is important to remember that shoulder pads are not a guarantee and that proper precautions should always be taken to minimize the risk of injury.
FAQs
1. What are shoulder pads in ice hockey?
Shoulder pads in ice hockey are protective gear worn by players to protect their shoulders from impacts and collisions on the ice. They are an essential piece of equipment for any ice hockey player, especially those who play defense or goalkeeper.
2. Why are shoulder pads important in ice hockey?
Shoulder pads are important in ice hockey because they provide crucial protection to the shoulders, which are vulnerable to injuries such as dislocations, fractures, and sprains. They also help players maintain proper positioning and balance on the ice, which can improve their performance and prevent falls.
3. What types of shoulder pads are available for ice hockey?
There are several types of shoulder pads available for ice hockey, including foam shoulder pads, hard shell shoulder pads, and hybrid shoulder pads. Each type of shoulder pad offers different levels of protection and mobility, so it’s important to choose the right type of pad based on the player’s needs and playing style.
4. How do I choose the right size of shoulder pads for my child?
When choosing shoulder pads for your child, it’s important to ensure that they fit properly to provide the necessary protection. A good rule of thumb is to measure the child’s chest and shoulder width to determine the appropriate size of shoulder pads. It’s also important to consider the child’s playing position and level of experience when selecting the right shoulder pads.
5. Can I wear any type of shoulder pads for ice hockey?
No, not all types of shoulder pads are suitable for ice hockey. It’s important to choose shoulder pads specifically designed for ice hockey, as they provide the necessary protection and mobility needed for the sport. Wearing the wrong type of shoulder pads can increase the risk of injury and affect your performance on the ice.
